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Runoff phosphorus losses from surface-applied biosolids.

H A Elliott1, R C Brandt, G A O'Connor

  • 1Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. hae1@psu.edu

Journal of Environmental Quality
|August 11, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Runoff phosphorus (P) losses vary significantly depending on the P source applied to soil. Biological phosphorus removal (BPR) biosolids and untreated dairy manure showed the highest P runoff, while Al and Fe amendments reduced losses.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Water Quality

Background:

  • Land application of manures and biosolids can lead to phosphorus (P) runoff.
  • Understanding P runoff variability from different sources is crucial for environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare phosphorus (P) levels in runoff from soils amended with various biosolids and dairy manure.
  • To investigate the impact of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) amendments on P runoff.

Main Methods:

  • Surface application of 10 biosolids and dairy manure (untreated and treated) to soil boxes.
  • Simulated rainfall (71 mm/h) applied to collect 30 minutes of runoff.
  • Analysis of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and total phosphorus (TP) in runoff.

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Main Results:

  • Biosolids from biological phosphorus removal (BPR) and untreated dairy manure yielded the highest TDP and TP in runoff.
  • P runoff from six biosolids did not significantly differ from the unamended control.
  • Runoff P concentrations were linked to P source solubility, particularly low Al and Fe content.
  • Al and Fe salt amendments to dairy manure reduced TP in runoff to control levels.

Conclusions:

  • The P source's solubility, influenced by Al and Fe content, is a key factor in predicting P runoff.
  • Site assessment indices should incorporate the differential solubility of P sources for accurate risk prediction.
  • Wastewater treatment methods (e.g., BPR) significantly influence the P runoff potential of biosolids.