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Amendment effects on soil test phosphorus.

D Brauer1, G E Aiken, D H Pote

  • 1USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927, USA. dbrauer@spa.ars.usda.gov

Journal of Environmental Quality
|August 11, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Gypsum application can reduce dissolved reactive phosphorus (P) in soils with high P levels. However, this effect diminished over time, suggesting a need for ongoing management strategies to mitigate P loss and protect water quality.

Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Animal manure application elevates soil test phosphorus (P) levels in the USA.
  • High soil P increases the risk of P transfer to surface waters, degrading water quality.
  • Landowners require effective methods to mitigate P loss from agricultural soils.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of soil amendments in reducing high soil test P values.
  • To assess the impact of amendments on soil P and dissolved reactive P (DRP).

Main Methods:

  • A field experiment was conducted on a Zulch fine sandy loam with high Bray-1 P values (>3000 mg P kg⁻¹).
  • Treatments included annual applications of gypsum, alum, waste paper product, and combinations from 1999 to 2001.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Soil samples were analyzed for Bray-1 P and dissolved reactive P (DRP) from 1999 to 2004.

    • Main Results:

    • None of the soil amendment treatments significantly altered Bray-1 P values.
    • Annual application of 5.0 Mg gypsum ha⁻¹ significantly reduced soil DRP levels.
    • DRP levels decreased after two gypsum applications but increased in subsequent years (2003-2004).

    Conclusions:

    • Soil amendments, particularly gypsum, can temporarily reduce dissolved reactive P in high-P soils.
    • Sufficient calcium (Ca) from gypsum may be required to approach soil test P levels for DRP reduction.
    • Long-term strategies are needed to manage P loss effectively, as the benefits of gypsum diminished over time.