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Accessory joints between basiocciput and atlas/axis in the median plane
M von Lüdinghausen1, M Fahr, A Prescher
1Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. anat033@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
This study investigated osseous irregularities in the upper cervical spine, finding osteoarthritis and congenital ossicles. Accessory joints were identified, including giant osteophytes forming new joint connections.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Orthopedics
- Radiology
Background:
- The upper cervical spine, specifically the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints, is complex.
- Osseous variations in this region can lead to various clinical conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate osseous irregularities between the basiocciput, atlas anterior arch, and dens axis.
- To characterize accessory joints and congenital ossicles in this area.
Main Methods:
- Examination of 99 cadaver specimens using magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), computed tomography (CT), and histological sections.
- Analysis of 110 dry skull, 56 atlas, and 33 axis specimens.
Main Results:
- Osteoarthritis-related osseous outgrowths and osteophytes were observed in the median atlanto-axial joint (n=63).
- Congenital free ossicles (n=22) and third occipital condyles (n=3) were identified.
- Giant osteophytes formed accessory median atlanto-occipital joints; third occipital condyles formed accessory atlanto-occipital or occipito-odontoid joints.
Conclusions:
- The study identified significant osseous variations and accessory joints in the upper cervical spine.
- These findings contribute to understanding the anatomical variations and potential pathologies in this critical region.
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