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Related Experiment Videos

Epstein-Barr-virus-induced interstitial lung disease.

Kamel Marzouk1, Lalaine Corate, Samer Saleh

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. marzouk@usc.edu

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|August 12, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause interstitial lung disease in adults, with EBV replication found in type II alveolar cells. EBV positivity in lung tissue indicates a poor prognosis but does not increase lung cancer risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders.
  • The role of viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in the pathogenesis of ILDs is an area of ongoing investigation.
  • This review examines the association between EBV and various ILDs, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.

Observation:

  • A case presentation of a patient with EBV infection leading to an unusual ILD with multisystem involvement mimicking sarcoidosis.
  • Literature review revealing EBV replication within type II alveolar cells in adult cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
  • Detection of Epstein-Barr virus-associated protein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), in lung epithelial cells of IPF patients, correlating with poor prognosis.

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Findings:

  • EBV was identified in the lungs of children with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
  • EBV DNA was not detectable in patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis.
  • No evidence supported a role for EBV in the increased incidence of lung cancer in IPF patients.

Implications:

  • EBV replication in type II alveolar cells suggests a direct pathogenic role in certain ILDs.
  • LMP1 positivity serves as a potential prognostic biomarker in IPF.
  • EBV association with specific ILDs warrants further research into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.