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Computational modeling of multicellular constructs with the material point method.

James E Guilkey1, James B Hoying, Jeffrey A Weiss

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Utah, 50 South Central Campus Drive, Room 2202, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|August 13, 2005
PubMed
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This study adapted the material point method (MPM) for modeling cell mechanics in vascularized constructs. The enhanced MPM accurately simulated large deformations and identified microvessel modulus as critical for scaffold mechanics.

Area of Science:

  • Computational mechanics
  • Biomaterials engineering
  • Cellular mechanics

Background:

  • Standard finite element (FE) methods struggle with complex geometries and material properties in cellular and multicellular constructs.
  • Meshless methods offer an alternative for modeling such systems.
  • The material point method (MPM) is a meshless technique with potential for these applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt the material point method (MPM) for quasi-static, large deformation mechanics of vascularized constructs.
  • To apply a modified MPM algorithm to large-scale simulations using image-derived discretizations.
  • To investigate the mechanics of a 3D vascularized scaffold under tension.

Main Methods:

  • Modified the standard implicit time integration algorithm for MPM to fix the background grid.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Applied the modified MPM to simulate 3D mechanics of a vascularized scaffold using over 13.6 million material points.
  • Utilized volumetric confocal image data for construct discretization.

    • Main Results:

    • The modified MPM algorithm demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness compared to the standard MPM.
    • Parallel code scaling was effective up to 200 processors.
    • Sensitivity studies revealed high sensitivity of reaction force to microvessel modulus, despite their small volume fraction.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified MPM is a robust and scalable method for modeling complex multicellular constructs from image data.
    • MPM simulations can potentially estimate the modulus of embedded microvessels.
    • This approach is extensible to other multicellular constructs and cell mechanics investigations.