Release of bacterial aerosols during infectious waste compaction: an initial hazard evaluation for healthcare workers

Compaction has been suggested as an interim processing method for infectious waste. Compaction greatly reduces the volume of waste at the site of generation and produces a more stable package for handling, shipment, and treatment. Preliminary studies have also indicated that when partially compacted waste is burned in an incinerator, the performance of the incineration unit is enhanced. Compaction is not currently used in institutions because the process may lead to the release of infectious aerosols, which could pose a significant hazard to healthcare workers. To determine if bacterial releases can be adequately controlled by a compaction device specially designed and constructed for the task, a prototype infectious waste compactor was challenged by compressing waste containing known quantities of indicator bacteria. Samples were collected to monitor bacterial releases and surface contamination. The data collected from this initial evaluation document that indicator bacteria were released from the unit. Modifications to the design and operation of a compactor of this type are proposed as suggestions that may improve system performance with regard to the health and safety of workers. A critical review of the experimental procedure used in this study is also included for the benefit of any future studies.