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Related Experiment Videos

Bacterial genome size reduction by experimental evolution.

A I Nilsson1, S Koskiniemi, S Eriksson

  • 1Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 16, 2005
PubMed
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Bacterial genome reduction, crucial for endosymbiosis, occurs rapidly in Salmonella enterica. This study reveals DNA loss rates and identifies deletions, highlighting RecA-independent mechanisms in bacterial evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Microbial evolution
  • Bacterial genomics
  • Experimental evolution

Background:

  • Bacterial endosymbiosis with eukaryotic cells involves significant bacterial genome reduction.
  • This reduction leads to the loss of metabolic and regulatory functions in bacteria.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and rates of genome reduction is key to studying bacterial adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rate and process of genome reduction in Salmonella enterica.
  • To identify the genetic mechanisms driving extensive DNA loss in bacteria.
  • To assess the role of RecA-dependent homologous recombination in genome reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Serial passage experimental evolution of Salmonella enterica.
  • Comparison of DNA loss rates between wild-type (WT) and mutS mutant strains.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identification and characterization of chromosomal deletions using genetic selections.

    • Main Results:

    • The initial rate of DNA loss was 0.05 bp per chromosome per generation in WT bacteria.
    • A mutS mutant exhibited a ~50-fold higher rate of DNA loss compared to WT.
    • Seven chromosomal deletions (1-202 kb) were identified, mostly lacking DNA repeats, suggesting RecA-independent formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Extensive bacterial genome reduction can occur rapidly on a short evolutionary timescale.
    • RecA-dependent homologous recombination plays a limited role in the jettisoning of superfluous DNA during genome reduction.
    • The findings provide insights into the evolutionary pathways of bacteria adapting to symbiotic lifestyles.