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Magnesium therapy for nephrolithiasis.

¹Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane WA 99210-1495, USA. massey@wsu.edu

Magnesium Research

|August 17, 2005

Summary

Magnesium supplements are not recommended as a sole therapy for calcium oxalate kidney stones. However, magnesium combined with potassium citrate therapy shows improved outcomes for stone recurrence.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Urology
Mineral Metabolism

Background:

Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is a common condition.
Magnesium plays a role in inhibiting calcium oxalate crystallization and oxalate absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the evidence for magnesium (Mg) supplements in treating calcium oxalate kidney stones.
Assess clinical trial outcomes for magnesium therapy.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of MedLine and Web of Science up to January 2005.
Inclusion of cited articles from initial searches.

Main Results:

Magnesium inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization and oxalate absorption.
Early trials suggested benefit from magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), but a later placebo-controlled trial showed no significant difference.
Magnesium potassium citrate significantly reduced calcium stone recurrence with better tolerance than potassium citrate alone.

Conclusions:

Current evidence does not support MgO or Mg(OH)2 as monotherapy for calcium oxalate stones.
Adding magnesium to potassium citrate therapy improves outcomes.
Future research should target magnesium-deficient patients.

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