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Autonomic neural functions in space.

T Mano1

  • 1Tokai Central Hospital, 4-6-2 Kakamigahara, Sohara-Higashijima-cho, Kakamigahara, Gifu 504-8601, Japan. tadaaki.mano@nifty.com

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|August 17, 2005
PubMed
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Spaceflight alters sympathetic nerve activity, with short-term microgravity suppressing it and long-term exposure enhancing it. A reduced sympathetic response to stress may cause orthostatic intolerance after space missions.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Aerospace Medicine

Background:

  • Autonomic neural functions are crucial for regulating vital bodily functions.
  • Microneurography directly assesses sympathetic neural functions, specifically muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA).
  • Orthostatic intolerance, a common issue after microgravity exposure, involves the body's inability to maintain blood pressure when upright.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether low or high muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to orthostatic stress contribute to post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance.
  • To analyze MSNA changes during and after spaceflight and simulated microgravity.

Main Methods:

  • Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was directly recorded using microneurography in astronauts before, during, and after spaceflight.

Related Experiment Videos

  • MSNA was also recorded during short-term (less than 2 hours) and long-term (more than 3 days) ground-based simulations of microgravity.
  • Orthostatic stress tests (e.g., head-up tilt) were performed to assess autonomic responses.

    • Main Results:

    • MSNA was enhanced on days 12-13 of spaceflight and immediately post-landing.
    • Postflight MSNA response to head-up tilt was preserved in orthostatically tolerant astronauts.
    • Short-term microgravity simulation suppressed MSNA, while long-term simulation enhanced it.
    • Orthostatic intolerance after long-term microgravity simulation correlated with reduced MSNA response and impaired baroreflex function.

    Conclusions:

    • Sympathetic neural control is reduced in short-term microgravity but enhanced in long-term microgravity.
    • A diminished sympathetic neural response to orthostatic stress may lead to orthostatic intolerance.
    • Developing countermeasures like exercise, nerve stimulation, and artificial gravity is crucial for preventing microgravity-induced autonomic dysfunction, particularly relevant for aging populations and bedridden individuals.