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Systemic lead absorption in human tooth roots.

K Bercovitz1, D Laufer

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.

Archives of Oral Biology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Lead accumulates in dentine before teeth erupt, indicating systemic absorption. Sound teeth, both impacted and erupted, can serve as reliable biomarkers for assessing body lead burden in adults.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Dental Science

Background:

  • Lead exposure is a significant public health concern.
  • Assessing cumulative lead burden in adults requires reliable biomarkers.
  • Dental tissues are known to incorporate lead, but the timing and source of accumulation require further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the timing of lead accumulation in human teeth.
  • To investigate whether lead accumulation in teeth originates from systemic absorption or the oral environment.
  • To evaluate the utility of sound, unerupted and erupted teeth as biomarkers for body lead burden.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lead content in 105 sound, impacted, and erupted human teeth.
  • Utilized graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for precise lead quantification.

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Main Results:

  • Lead was found to accumulate in dentine prior to tooth eruption, likely starting during dentine formation.
  • The study confirmed that lead accumulation in dentine is a systemic process, unaffected by the oral environment.
  • Dentine lead levels correlate with overall body lead burden, as direct oral absorption into dentine does not occur.

Conclusions:

  • Sound, unerupted and erupted teeth are valuable and precise indicators of cumulative systemic lead absorption in adults.
  • The age of the tooth donor can be considered as the time frame for lead accumulation, enabling retrospective exposure assessment.
  • This research validates the use of dental tissues as a non-invasive method for long-term lead body burden monitoring.