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Cancer incidence among Hispanic children in the United States

James D Wilkinson1, Alex Gonzalez, Brad Wohler-Torres

  • 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida Cancer Data System, Miami, FL 33101, USA. jwilkins@med.miami.edu

Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health
|August 18, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Overall pediatric cancer incidence is similar between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children. However, Hispanic children show higher rates of leukemia, Hodgkin

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer incidence disparities among racial and ethnic groups are a significant public health concern.
  • Hispanic children represent a substantial and growing population in the United States, necessitating specific health outcome research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a direct comparison of pediatric cancer incidence rates between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children.
  • To analyze cancer incidence in California and Florida, states with large Hispanic child populations, to identify potential disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-sectional data from 1988-1998 from the Florida Cancer Data System and California Cancer Registry.
  • Included all incident pediatric cancer cases (age < 15 years) categorized as Hispanic or non-Hispanic white.
  • Calculated age-standardized incidence rates and compared Hispanic to non-Hispanic white children using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Overall cancer incidence was similar between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children (SIR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.05).
  • Hispanic children exhibited higher incidences of leukemia (SIR = 1.26), Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR = 1.29), and germ cell tumors (SIR = 1.62).
  • Lower incidences were observed for central nervous system tumors (SIR = 0.72) and sympathetic nervous system tumors (SIR = 0.76) in Hispanic children. Interstate variations noted, with Florida showing higher lymphoma and CNS tumor rates in Hispanic youth, and California higher hepatic tumor rates.

Conclusions:

  • While overall cancer incidence is comparable, significant differences in specific tumor types exist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children.
  • Hispanic ethnicity may act as a confounder for other cancer risk factors, including familial, socioeconomic, and environmental influences.
  • Future research should investigate these specific risk factors to understand and address observed disparities in pediatric cancer among Hispanic children.
Abstract

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