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Related Experiment Videos

Genome streamlining in a cosmopolitan oceanic bacterium.

Stephen J Giovannoni1, H James Tripp, Scott Givan

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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The SAR11 marine bacteria, including Pelagibacter ubique, represent a significant portion of ocean microbial life. P. ubique possesses the smallest known genome for a free-living organism, featuring complete metabolic pathways despite its size.

Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Proteobacteria

Background:

  • The SAR11 clade comprises abundant, small, heterotrophic marine alpha-proteobacteria.
  • These bacteria constitute approximately 25% of all microbial cells in oceanic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize Pelagibacter ubique, the first cultured representative of the SAR11 clade.
  • To investigate the genomic features of P. ubique, particularly its minimal genome size and metabolic capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing and analysis of Pelagibacter ubique.
  • Comparative genomics to contrast P. ubique with other small-genome microorganisms.

Main Results:

  • Pelagibacter ubique exhibits the smallest genome and fewest predicted open reading frames among free-living microorganisms.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Despite its minimal genome, P. ubique retains complete biosynthetic pathways for all 20 amino acids and most cofactors.
  • The genome is exceptionally streamlined, lacking pseudogenes, introns, transposons, and possessing minimal paralogs and intergenic spacers.

    • Conclusions:

    • P. ubique represents an extreme example of genome reduction in a free-living marine bacterium.
    • The organism's genomic architecture supports its ecological success and widespread distribution in the oceans.