Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Preventive Medicine
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
• Primary prevention strategies aim to reduce the incidence of first-time CVD events.
• Aspirin has been studied for its role in primary CVD prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define the optimal patient population for aspirin therapy in primary cardiovascular disease prevention.
• To guide clinicians in balancing the benefits and risks of prophylactic aspirin use.
• To emphasize the importance of personalized medicine in preventive cardiology.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies.
• Risk-benefit analysis of aspirin therapy across different patient subgroups.
• Meta-analysis of data on aspirin's efficacy and safety for primary prevention.

Main Results:

• Aspirin therapy for primary prevention is most beneficial in individuals with high cardiovascular risk.
• The absolute benefit of aspirin in lower-risk populations may not outweigh the associated bleeding risks.
• Patient-specific factors, including bleeding risk and preferences, are crucial in decision-making.

Conclusions:

• Targeted aspirin use in high-risk individuals can reduce cardiovascular events.
• A personalized approach considering both risk and patient preferences is essential for primary CVD prevention with aspirin.
• Further research may refine risk stratification for aspirin therapy.