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Brain morphometry using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: application to schizophrenia.

Babak A Ardekani1, Arthika Bappal, Debra D'Angelo

  • 1Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA.

Neuroreport
|August 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) may serve as a biomarker for brain volume loss. Higher ADC values were observed in brain regions with gray matter deficits in schizophrenia patients compared to controls.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiology
  • Brain Anatomy

Background:

  • Cortical gray matter loss correlates with increased cerebrospinal fluid volume.
  • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can detect changes in brain tissue microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a surrogate marker for regional brain volume deficits.
  • To assess regional brain volume deficits in schizophrenia using ADC values.

Main Methods:

  • Voxelwise analysis of registered apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images.
  • Comparison between 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 age-matched healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Widespread regional increases in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were found in schizophrenia patients.

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  • Affected brain areas included the insular cortex, hippocampus, temporal lobe, and occipital regions.
  • These findings align with established evidence of cortical volume deficits in schizophrenia.

    • Conclusions:

    • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) shows potential as a non-invasive surrogate marker for assessing regional brain volume deficits.
    • ADC alterations in specific brain regions may reflect underlying neuropathology in schizophrenia.