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Related Experiment Videos

Declining invasive pneumococcal disease in the U.S. elderly.

A Marshall McBean1, Young-Taek Park, Debra Caldwell

  • 1Division of Health Services Research and Policy, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MMC 97, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. mcbea002@umn.edu

Vaccine
|August 23, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children led to significant declines in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) hospitalizations among the elderly. This suggests indirect protection from childhood vaccination programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was recommended for children starting in 2000.
  • Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) has been recommended for the elderly since 1989.
  • Vaccination rates for PPV23 in the elderly showed modest increases prior to PCV7 availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PCV7 introduction in children on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) hospitalizations in the elderly.
  • To compare the effectiveness of PCV7 in children versus PPV23 in the elderly on IPD rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Medicare administrative data to analyze IPD hospitalization rates.
  • Compared hospitalization rates during the PCV7 era (2000-2003) with a baseline period (1996-2000).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed changes in PPV23 vaccination rates among the elderly during the study periods.

    • Main Results:

    • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) hospitalizations in the elderly decreased by 22.6% to 40.6% during 2000-2003 compared to the 1996-2000 baseline.
    • PPV23 vaccination rates in the elderly increased by less than 5% after PCV7 became available, compared to a 25.2% increase during the baseline period.
    • The decline in elderly IPD hospitalizations was more pronounced during the PCV7 era than in the preceding period solely relying on PPV23.

    Conclusions:

    • The widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children has resulted in a significant reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) hospitalizations among the elderly.
    • This indicates a substantial indirect protection effect, or herd immunity, conferred by childhood PCV7 vaccination programs.
    • The findings underscore the public health benefit of pediatric vaccination for protecting vulnerable elderly populations from pneumococcal disease.