Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid hormones and brain development.

Juan Bernal1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

Vitamins and Hormones
|August 23, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Iodotyrosines Are Biomarkers for Preclinical Stages of Iodine-Deficient Hypothyroidism in <i>Dehal1</i>-Knockout Mice.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2023
Same author

Thyroid hormone regulators in human cerebral cortex development.

The Journal of endocrinology·2022
Same author

Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Thyroid Hormone Effectors in the Human Fetal Neocortex: Expression of <i>SLCO1C1</i>, <i>DIO2</i>, and <i>THRB</i> in Specific Cell Types.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2021
Same author

Brain Gene Expression in Systemic Hypothyroidism and Mouse Models of MCT8 Deficiency: The Mct8-Oatp1c1-Dio2 Triad.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2020
Same author

Prenatal Treatment of Thyroid Hormone Cell Membrane Transport Defect Caused by <i>MCT8</i> Gene Mutation.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2020
Same author

Identification of Resistance to Exogenous Thyroxine in Humans.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2020
Same journal

Bilateral macronodular and micronodular hyperplasia: Biochemical, radiological and genetic diagnosis.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

ACTH independent Cushing's syndrome: Diagnosis and etiology.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Biochemical diagnosis of hypercortisolism: When and how?

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

New tools for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Cardiometabolic comorbidities in overt Cushing's syndrome.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Molecular profile of Cushing's syndrome.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
See all related articles

Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) are crucial for brain development, impacting cell migration and differentiation. Their nuclear receptors play key roles, even in an unliganded state, influencing gene expression and potentially hypothyroid conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (thyroxine, T4; triiodothyronine, T3) are essential for mammalian brain maturation, influencing neural cell migration, differentiation, and signaling.
  • Recent research has identified T4/T3-regulated genes and clarified the function of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors using mutant mouse models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of thyroid hormone action on brain development and function.
  • To highlight the roles of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors, including their liganded and unliganded (aporreceptor) activities.
  • To identify remaining questions regarding thyroid hormone and receptor roles in fetal brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on thyroid hormone action in the brain.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of phenotypes in mutant mice for thyroid hormone receptor isoforms.
  • Identification of genes regulated by thyroid hormones in the rodent brain.

    • Main Results:

    • Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) enter the brain via specific transporters, with T4 converted to T3 primarily in glial cells.
    • Target cells include neurons and oligodendrocytes; T3 controls gene expression for myelination, differentiation, migration, and signaling.
    • Thyroid hormone nuclear receptors function as transcription repressors in their unliganded state (aporereceptors), potentially contributing to hypothyroid phenotypes.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormones and their nuclear receptors significantly influence brain development and function.
    • The aporreceptor activity of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors warrants further investigation for its role in thyroid-related disorders.
    • Further research is needed on the role of thyroid hormones and their receptors in fetal brain development, particularly before the onset of fetal thyroid function, with implications for pregnancy and thyroid disease management.