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Protection by recombinant viral proteins against a respiratory challenge with virulent avian metapneumovirus

Parag Chary1, M Kariuki Njenga, Jagdev M Sharma

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
|August 23, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Recombinant avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) N and M proteins show promise for protecting turkeys against respiratory challenge. Intramuscular administration of N or M proteins at 80 microg per bird achieved 100% protection.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes significant respiratory disease in poultry.
  • Effective vaccines or immunotherapies are needed to control aMPV outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective efficacy of recombinant avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) N and M proteins against a virulent aMPV respiratory challenge in turkeys.

Main Methods:

  • Recombinant aMPV N, M, or N+M proteins were administered intramuscularly (IM) with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) or oculonasally (ON) with cholera toxin-B (CTB).
  • Turkeys received 40 or 80 microg of each protein and were challenged with virulent aMPV.
  • Protection was assessed by the absence of detectable challenge virus in choanal swabs via RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • IM administration of 40 microg/bird of N protein with IFA protected 8/9 birds; M protein protected 3/7; N+M proteins protected 3/4.
  • At 80 microg/bird with IFA, both N and M proteins achieved 100% protection.
  • ON immunization with N+M proteins and CTB induced partial protection, but not without CTB.
  • Anti-aMPV antibodies were induced, but protection did not correlate with antibody levels.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant aMPV N and M proteins, particularly when administered intramuscularly at higher doses, can confer significant protection against aMPV challenge.
  • The route of administration and adjuvant (IFA or CTB) influence the protective efficacy.
  • Protection may not solely depend on the presence or level of detectable anti-aMPV antibodies.

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