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White matter abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia: a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study.

Sanjiv Kumra1, Manzar Ashtari, Kelly L Cervellione

  • 1Department of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. skumra@lij.edu

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|August 23, 2005
PubMed
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Early-onset schizophrenia in adolescents is linked to reduced white matter integrity in the anterior cingulate region. This disruption may explain cognitive and functional deficits in young patients with schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is a severe mental disorder with psychosis onset before age 18.
  • Structural brain abnormalities are implicated in EOS, but specific white matter alterations require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine white matter structural integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in adolescents with EOS.
  • To identify specific regions of white matter abnormality in EOS patients compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural MRI were performed on 26 adolescents with EOS and 34 healthy volunteers.
  • Voxelwise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) maps compared white matter integrity between groups.
  • Statistical analyses adjusted for intellectual capacity and socioeconomic status.

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Main Results:

  • Patients with EOS showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left anterior cingulate region near the caudate nucleus compared to controls.
  • The rate of FA change across adolescence (10-20 years) differed significantly between EOS patients and controls.
  • No regions exhibited higher FA in EOS patients, indicating widespread microstructural compromise.

Conclusions:

  • Early-onset schizophrenia is associated with disrupted white matter tract integrity in the anterior cingulate region.
  • These microstructural abnormalities may underlie cognitive deficits (attention, memory, executive functions) and motivational impairments in adolescents with EOS.
  • DTI can reveal specific white matter abnormalities contributing to the pathophysiology of EOS.