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Antimalarial compounds from Kniphofia foliosa roots.

Abraham Abebe Wube1, Franz Bucar, Kaleab Asres

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.

Phytotherapy Research : PTR
|August 23, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Researchers screened Ethiopian plants for antimalarial properties. The Kniphofia foliosa root extract showed strong activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with isolated compounds demonstrating significant potential as new antimalarial drugs with low toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Ethnobotany
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Ethiopian traditional medicine utilizes Kniphofia foliosa for various ailments.
  • Screening of medicinal plants is crucial for discovering novel therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antimalarial potential of Kniphofia foliosa root extract.
  • To isolate and characterize active compounds with antiplasmodial activity.
  • To assess the cytotoxicity of isolated compounds against mammalian cells.

Main Methods:

  • Dichloromethane extraction of Kniphofia foliosa roots.
  • In vitro antiplasmodial assays against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain).
  • Cytotoxicity evaluation using KB cell line.
  • Isolation and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds.

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Main Results:

  • The root extract exhibited potent in vitro antiplasmodial activity (ED50 = 3.8 microg/mL) with low cytotoxicity (ED50 = 35.2 microg/mL).
  • Two compounds, 10-(chrysophanol-7'-yl)-10-(xi)-hydroxychrysopanol-9-anthrone and chryslandicin, showed high antimalarial activity (ED50 = 0.260 and 0.537 microg/mL, respectively).
  • These active compounds displayed very low toxicity to KB cells (ED50 = 104 and 90 microg/mL, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Kniphofia foliosa roots contain compounds with significant in vitro antimalarial activity.
  • Anthraquinone-anthrone dimers represent a novel class of potential antimalarial agents.
  • The identified compounds demonstrate a favorable therapeutic window due to low host cell toxicity.