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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
Published on: March 7, 2018
Deterministic beam fanning in Fe-doped stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals
Sanjeev Solanki1, Xuewu Xu, Tow-Chong Chong
1Data Storage Institute, DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608. engp1888@nus.edu.sg
Abstract:
We investigated the beam-fanning effect in Fe-doped stoichiometric lithium niobate (Fe:SLN) crystals that were grown by the top-seeded solution growth method. Deterministic beam fanning (DBF) was measured in Z-cut Fe:SLN crystal for incident light propagating along the c+ and c- axes. The dependence of beam-fanning factors on incident power density was also studied. The experimental results of DBF in the Z-cut Fe:SLN crystal were in good agreement with a theoretical simulation based on a two-wave mixing model. The results compared with those for Fe-doped congruent lithium niobate crystals indicate that the beam-fanning process in Fe:SLN is deterministic because of its much-reduced intrinsic density of defects.

