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Updated: Aug 16, 2026
Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
Published on: December 5, 2025
Modification of the superficial cervical axial pattern skin flap for oral reconstruction
James M Dundas1, J David Fowler, Cindy L Shmon
1Western College of Veterinary Medicine and Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. jadundas@sbcglobal.net
Objective:
To describe an extended pedicle flap based on the superficial cervical artery (SCA) for closure of oral defects in dogs.
Study Design:
Anatomic study; in vivo experimental study.
Animals:
Canine cadavers (13) and 3 dogs.
Methods:
The prescapular branch of the SCA was cannulated and perfused with a lead oxide gelatin mixture. The area perfused by 1 SCA was examined as was the rostral extent of the flap. Staged implantation was performed to evaluate flap performance in vivo. In stage 1, the flap was prepared for implantation into the oral cavity. In stage 2, the flap was fully developed to include the 1 degrees, 2 degrees, and partial 3 degrees angiosome of 1 SCA pedicle. The flap was transposed by a bridging incision and a parapharyngeal tunnel into the oral cavity. The flap was used to reconstruct a partial-thickness defect created in the palate.
Results:
The territory of the contralateral SCA was captured in all cadavers. The full flap reached the level of the canine teeth in all cadavers. In live dogs, necrosis was not observed after implantation into partial-thickness defects and dehiscence was minimal. Loss of pliability secondary to de-epithelialization and staging resulted in a limitation of rostral reach of the flap.
Conclusions:
Whereas the flaps did not reach as far rostrally as anticipated, they survived well in the harsh oral environment. The flap may be modified to reconstruct full-thickness palatal defects.
Clinical Relevance:
The extended SCA pattern flap may be adapted for closure of oral defects.