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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
Published on: September 19, 2022
Insulin-cell penetrating peptide hybrids with improved intestinal absorption efficiency
1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA. jliang2@stevens.edu
Abstract:
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) was linked to insulin to form insulin-CPP hybrids. The intestinal absorption efficiency of CPP hybridized insulin was 6-8 times increased compared to normal insulin as tested on Caco-2 cell monolayer, a widely used in vitro model for intestinal absorption. Insulin-CPP hybrid transportation seemed to be through an active and transcytosis-like mechanism. Importantly, insulin in hybrids kept intact after they passed through the Caco-2 cell monolayer. This study provides a new clue for oral insulin development.
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