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Margarine phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2 intestinal

Suleen S Ho1, Sebely Pal

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.

Atherosclerosis
|August 24, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Plant sterols, including stigmasterol, campesterol, and beta-sitosterol, reduce atherogenic lipoprotein production in liver and intestinal cells. This suggests a mechanism for lowering cardiovascular disease risk by limiting lipid availability.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Human studies show plant sterols lower cholesterol.
  • The precise mechanisms in the liver and intestines remain unclear.
  • Investigating how phytosterols affect atherogenic lipoprotein metabolism is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effects of three main phytosterols (stigmasterol, campesterol, beta-sitosterol) on lipoprotein production.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms in human liver (HepG2) and intestinal (Caco2) cells.
  • To understand how phytosterols contribute to reduced circulating atherogenic lipoproteins.

Main Methods:

  • Incubation of HepG2 and Caco2 cells with phytosterols or atorvastatin.
  • Measurement of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) via apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) in liver cells.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantification of chylomicron levels via apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48) in intestinal cells.
  • Assessment of intracellular cholesterol levels and lipid availability.

    • Main Results:

    • All tested phytosterols significantly reduced apoB100 secretion from HepG2 cells by ~30%.
    • Phytosterol incubation led to decreased intracellular cholesterol ester (CE) concentrations in liver cells.
    • Phytosterols significantly reduced apoB48 secretion from Caco2 cells (15-19%).

    Conclusions:

    • Plant sterols appear to limit intracellular lipid (CE) availability.
    • Reduced lipoprotein production in liver and intestinal cells is a likely mechanism for phytosterol's hypocholesterolemic effect.
    • These cellular effects may explain the reduction in circulating LDL and chylomicron remnants, contributing to cardiovascular disease risk reduction.