Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Barium hydroxide lime turns yellow after desiccation.

Christofer D Barth1, Marshall B Dunning, Lynn Bretscher

  • 1*Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and †Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Departments of ‡Biochemistry and §Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|August 24, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Ethyl violet turns yellow when barium hydroxide lime (BL) desiccates, indicating potential anesthetic breakdown risks. This yellow color forms late in desiccation, making it an unreliable indicator of early absorbent exhaustion.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Symptomatic Improvement in Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Oral Ketamine.

WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin·2024
Same author

Maintenance of Ionized Calcium During Prolonged Extreme Massive Transfusion During Liver Transplantation.

WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin·2023
Same author

A Case Report of Hypotension and Methemoglobinemia Associated With Gunshot Residue Poisoning: Nitrite-Induced Methemoglobinemia.

A&A practice·2023
Same author

Hydroxocobalamin for treatment of catecholamine-resistant vasoplegia during liver transplantation: A single-center series of 20 cases.

International journal of surgery case reports·2022
Same author

Calcium Chloride Requirement and Postreperfusion Rebound During Massive Transfusion in Liver Transplantation.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2022
Same author

Effects of Subnormothermic Regulated Hepatic Reperfusion on Mitochondrial and Transcriptomic Profiles in a Porcine Model.

Annals of surgery·2021

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ethyl violet is a common pH indicator in carbon dioxide absorbents.
  • Barium hydroxide lime (BL) and soda lime are widely used CO2 absorbents.
  • Previous observations noted yellowing of desiccated BL, but not soda lime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical basis of ethyl violet's yellow discoloration in desiccated barium hydroxide lime.
  • To determine if this color change is a reliable indicator of absorbent desiccation and potential anesthetic breakdown.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative observation of color change during desiccation with dry oxygen.
  • Extraction of the yellow colorant using diethyl ether.
  • Chromatographic separation and analysis via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Yellow color development in BL occurs upon near-complete desiccation.
  • Ethyl violet decomposes into 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, the yellow colorant.
  • The color intensity is low and may be obscured by tinted canisters.

Conclusions:

  • Desiccated BL produces a yellow colorant from ethyl violet decomposition.
  • The yellow color is not a sensitive indicator for early desiccation or anesthetic breakdown.
  • Presence of yellow color indicates desiccation, but its absence does not guarantee sufficient hydration.