Acceptability and consequences of screening for chlamydia trachomatis by home-based urine testing

The objective of this study was to study the acceptability and consequences of home-based chlamydia (CT) screening by Municipal Health Services (MHS) among 15- to 29-year-old participants.

This study consisted of a cross-section of 156 CT-positives and 600 random sampled CT-negatives after receiving the result of their CT test.

Thirty-eight percent of the men and 59% of the women responded. The screening method was well-accepted. Seventy percent (52) of the CT-positives were surprised about their result. Infected women more often than men reported a feeling of being dirty and of anxiety about infertility. Curiosity for the CT result was decisive for participation in 68% and perception of personal risk was poor. The willingness to be tested regularly was determined by present chlamydial infection, young age, multiple lifetime partners, short relationship, and earlier test for chlamydia.

Chlamydia screening organised by MHS is acceptable for future screening. Participants with an elevated risk are interested in screening as long as test kits are easily available. Counseling with focus on effects of CT, especially on women, is essential. Alternative approaches are needed to motivate men and non-Dutch high-risk groups.