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Related Experiment Videos

Cue-induced brain activity changes and relapse in cocaine-dependent patients.

Thomas R Kosten1, Barbara Ellen Scanley, Karen A Tucker

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. thomas.kosten@yale.edu

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|August 27, 2005
PubMed
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Brain activation to cocaine cues predicts relapse in cocaine-dependent patients. Increased sensory, motor, and cognitive-emotional processing area activation during cue exposure is a better relapse predictor than self-reported craving.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cocaine dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder.
  • Identifying reliable predictors of relapse is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between brain activation patterns in response to cocaine cues and subsequent relapse in cocaine-dependent patients.
  • To determine if brain activation is a better predictor of relapse than subjective craving reports.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation in 17 cocaine-dependent patients during exposure to cocaine-related cues.
  • Patients participated in a 10-week outpatient clinical trial with urine toxicology assessments to calculate a treatment effectiveness score (TES).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Brain activation patterns were correlated with TES and used to differentiate between relapsers and non-relapsers.

    • Main Results:

    • Worse treatment effectiveness scores (TES) correlated with increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation in specific brain regions, including the left precentral, superior temporal, posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), and right middle temporal and lingual cortices.
    • Left PCC activation distinguished non-relapsers from relapsers.
    • Relapse was associated with increased activation in sensory association cortex, motor cortex, and PCC when viewing cocaine cues.
    • Subjective craving reports did not differ between groups and did not correlate with TES.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased brain activation to cocaine cues in sensory, motor, and cognitive-emotional processing areas is associated with relapse to cocaine abuse.
    • This physiological brain activation is a more robust predictor of relapse than subjective craving.
    • These findings suggest that targeting these brain activation patterns may offer a novel therapeutic approach for cocaine dependence treatment.