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Related Experiment Videos

Aging and time-sharing in highway driving.

Anna-Stina Wikman1, Heikki Summala

  • 1Traffic Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|August 30, 2005
PubMed
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Older drivers aged 65-70 struggle with visual attention allocation while driving. This age-related decline in time-sharing impacts highway safety, particularly with in-car tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Human Factors
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Safe driving necessitates effective visual attention allocation between the road and in-car tasks.
  • Neurologic conditions like Alzheimer disease and brain injury are known to impair driving time-sharing abilities.
  • This study investigates the specific impact of aging on driving time-sharing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of age on visual time-sharing performance during highway driving.
  • To compare time-sharing abilities across different age groups performing in-car tasks.
  • To identify age-related differences in visual attention allocation while driving.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty participants were divided into three age groups (mean ages 22, 34, and 67 years).

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  • Participants completed a 350 km drive in an instrumented car, performing in-car visual search tasks with manual or vocal responses.
  • Data collected included glance frequency/duration, time eyes off-road, speed, lateral displacement, and cognitive task performance.

    • Main Results:

    • Older drivers (65-70 years) exhibited longer total time looking at in-car displays and greater distance traveled with eyes off the road.
    • The frequency of prolonged glances (>2 sec) and increased lateral displacement were observed in older drivers.
    • Age-related deficits in time-sharing were more pronounced with manual (keying) responses and were linked to cognitive performance, specifically the Trail Making A test.

    Conclusions:

    • Drivers aged 65-70 years demonstrate significant difficulties with visual time-sharing during highway driving.
    • Age-related impairments in attention allocation affect driving safety in older adults.
    • Cognitive function, rather than visual parameters, appears to mediate age-related driving performance declines.