Approximate entropy of the electroencephalogram in healthy awake subjects and absence epilepsy patients

The approximate entropy (ApEn) of signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) was evaluated in 8 healthy volunteers and in 10 patients with absence epilepsy, both during seizure-free and seizure intervals. We estimated the nonlinearity of each 3-sec EEG segment using surrogate data methods. The mean (+/- SD) ApEn in EEG was 0.83 +/- 0.22 in healthy subjects awake with eyes closed. It was significantly lower during epileptic seizures (0.48 +/- 0.05) than during seizure-free intervals (0.80 +/- 0.13) (P < 0.001). Nonlinearity was clearly detected in EEG signals from epileptic patients during seizures but not during seizure-free intervals or in EEG signals from healthy subjects. The ApEn of EEG signals estimated over consecutive intervals could serve to determine pathological brain activity such as that occurring during absence epilepsy.