Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
Published on: May 23, 2020
[The combination of a fused tooth and a supernumerary central incisor: a possible treatment plan]
P Leemans1, F Vinckier, C Carels
1afdeling Orthodontie, School voor Tandheelkunde van de Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgie. pieter.leemans@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
Abstract:
An 8-year old boy was referred to the orthodontic department because of a fused tooth. The clinical and radiological examination showed that - besides the double tooth at the region of the 21 - there was a normal tooth 22 in eruption as well. Moreover a still impacted supernumerary tooth was present in the right upper front region. The treatment included the extraction of the fused tooth and an autotransplantation of the supernumerary tooth to the extraction site of the fused tooth. During the follow-up period the pulp showed a progressive obliteration starting at the crown level with a conservation of the vitality. Apexification of the root of the transplanted tooth proceeded successfully. Furthermore a review of the literature is given in this article on the aetiology and treatment of fused teeth and on the application of autotransplantation.
Related Concept Videos
Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
