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Updated: Aug 16, 2026
Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
Published on: April 30, 2014
Revision reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: evaluation and management
Mitchell Fagelman1, Kevin B Freedman
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
Abstract:
Primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restores knee stability in up to 95% of patients, but instability can recur. Identifying the cause of primary reconstruction failure is the most important action to be taken when considering revision reconstruction. Preoperative evaluation and planning are essential before revision ACL reconstruction. In this article, we review causes of failure, considerations for preoperative evaluation and planning, and techniques for revision and provide an overview of the results of revision reconstruction.