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Trends in global protected area governance, 1992-2002
Philip Dearden1, Michelle Bennett, Jim Johnston
1Department of Geography, University of Victoria, BC V8W3P5, Canada. pdearden@office.geog.uvic.ca
Environmental Management
|September 1, 2005
Summary
Protected area governance has significantly evolved, with increased stakeholder participation and legislative support. These changes are linked to improved management effectiveness, though secure funding remains a key future need.
Area of Science:
- Conservation Science
- Environmental Governance
- Policy Studies
Background:
- Governance is crucial for effective conservation and protected area management.
- The Convention on Biological Diversity highlights governance in its work program on protected areas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess changes in protected area governance globally between 1992 and 2002.
- To identify trends in stakeholder participation, accountability, and funding.
Main Methods:
- A global survey of protected area systems across 41 countries.
- Analysis of governance changes over a decade (1992-2002).
Main Results:
- Significant shifts towards greater stakeholder participation, formal accountability, and diverse participatory techniques.
- Increased influence of global forces, private sector involvement, and broader funding sources, with a decreased proportion from government.
- Despite increased absolute funding, nearly two-thirds reported budget shortfalls; 90% perceived governance improvements, with 67% linking this to better management effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- Protected area governance has demonstrably improved, driven by legislative changes and broader participation.
- Future needs include secure funding, capacity building, and enhanced community involvement for sustained conservation success.
- Protected areas are increasingly influenced by global trends and diverse financial streams.