Strictureplasty for active Crohn's disease

Several studies over the last 20 years have confirmed the safety and efficacy of strictureplasty in the treatment of obstructive Crohn's disease. However, almost all of these studies use strictureplasty to treat fibrotic strictures: limited resection being preferred to treat active disease strictures. One study dating from 1986 used strictureplasty to treat purely active disease strictures, with disappointing results. No other similar studies have been published. We investigate the complication and recrudescence rates together with the intervention-free intervals in patients undergoing strictureplasty for active disease strictures.

A retrospective review of 14 patients who underwent strictureplasty either in isolation or in combination with limited resection for active small bowel Crohn's disease between 1996 and 2004 was undertaken.

A total of 73 strictureplasties were carried out. There was no operative mortality; however, one patient subsequently died from metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma arising from existing Crohn's disease. One patient subsequently developed complications directly attributed to strictureplasty and required further surgery. Three patients developed recrudescent disease and required further surgery in the form of either strictureplasty, limited resection or both. All patients undergoing strictureplasty with resection and over 70% of patients undergoing strictureplasty alone were intervention-free at 41 months. With extended follow-up, the same proportion of patients would remain intervention-free at 70 months or longer.

The use of strictureplasty in active disease strictures is well tolerated and has similar, if not better, recurrence and complication rates when compared with limited resection in patients with similar disease profiles.