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Intraocular pressure changes during high-altitude acclimatization.

Mitrofanis Pavlidis1, Tobias Stupp, Ilias Georgalas

  • 1Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital of Münster, Domagkstrasse 15, 48149, Münster, Germany. pavlidis@uni-muenster.de

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|September 1, 2005
PubMed
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Intraocular pressure (IOP) decreases with ascent to high altitudes due to hypobaric hypoxia. This IOP change correlates with oxygen levels and acclimatization, potentially serving as a screening tool for altitude sickness.

Area of Science:

  • Altitude physiology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Human physiology

Background:

  • Hypobaric hypoxia exposure at high altitudes can affect physiological parameters.
  • Understanding the impact of altitude on intraocular pressure (IOP) is crucial for climbers and researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between hypobaric hypoxia acclimatization and intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • To evaluate IOP changes during ascent, acclimatization, and descent at altitudes ranging from 2286 m to 5050 m.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy climbers on the 2003 Greek Karakorum expedition were monitored.
  • Daily physiological parameters including hemoglobin oxygen saturation (PO2), heart rate, blood pressure, and retinal findings were recorded.
  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured alongside the Lake Louise score for acclimatization grading.

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Main Results:

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly decreased during ascent (0.58 mmHg/100 m) and recovered during acclimatization and descent (0.71 mmHg/100 m).
  • A direct correlation was observed between decreased PO2 and reduced IOP.
  • Increased arterial blood pulse and pressure were noted during acclimatization, concurrent with IOP decrease. No retinal hemorrhages were found.

Conclusions:

  • Ascent into hypobaric hypoxia induces a decrease in IOP, directly proportional to PO2 reduction and acclimatization level.
  • IOP changes appear linked to hypoxia-induced respiratory alkalosis and acclimatization status.
  • IOP monitoring could serve as a simple screening method for assessing acclimatization and detecting acute mountain sickness.