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Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools.

Avi Eitam1, Leon Blaustein, Marc Mangel

  • 1Community Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Evolution, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa, 31905, Haifa, Israel. eitam@yahoo.com

Oecologia
|September 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Intraspecific priority effects significantly impact larval survival and development in Salamandra salamandra. Early-arriving larvae negatively affect later cohorts through competition and cannibalism, influencing reproductive strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Priority effects are typically studied between species, with fewer intraspecific assessments due to methodological challenges.
  • Understanding within-species priority effects is crucial for ecological dynamics and population management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate intraspecific priority and density-dependent effects on larval Salamandra salamandra.
  • To differentiate between early and late cohorts using individual-specific markings.

Main Methods:

  • An outdoor artificial pool experiment manipulated densities of newly born larvae (0-6 per pool).
  • A second cohort of larvae was added after 40 days to assess priority effects.
  • Individual-specific markings were used to distinguish between cohorts.

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Main Results:

  • Increasing early-cohort density reduced survival, size, and increased metamorphosis time for the early cohort.
  • Late-cohort survival was 100% without early larvae but 13-33% with them.
  • Late-cohort metamorphosis time increased with early-cohort density, indicating competition and cannibalism.

Conclusions:

  • Early-arriving larvae experience density-dependent effects, while late-arriving larvae face significant negative impacts from early cohorts.
  • Competition and cannibalism are key mechanisms driving these priority effects.
  • Salamandra females may enhance fitness by strategically adjusting larval deposition to minimize intraspecific conflict.