Propensity score matching with time-dependent covariates
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
Published on: January 8, 2020
1Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. bolu@stat.brown.edu
Abstract:
In observational studies with a time-dependent treatment and time-dependent covariates, it is desirable to balance the distribution of the covariates at every time point. A time-dependent propensity score based on the Cox proportional hazards model is proposed and used in risk set matching. Matching on this propensity score is shown to achieve a balanced distribution of the covariates in both treated and control groups. Optimal matching with various designs is conducted and compared in a study of a surgical treatment, cystoscopy and hydrodistention, given in response to a chronic bladder disease, interstitial cystitis. Simulation studies also suggest that the statistical analysis after matching outperforms the analysis without matching in terms of both point and interval estimations.
Related Concept Videos
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory
Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics
Time-dependent pharmacokinetics refers to non-cyclical changes in drug rate processes over a period of time. It can lead to nonlinear pharmacokinetics, where the relationship between drug concentration and time is not proportional. Non-cyclical...
The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time
Sign Test for Matched Pairs
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
Introduction to z Scores
z scores...
Introduction to z Scores
z scores...

