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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
06:29

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Published on: March 2, 2011

A network-based analysis of systemic inflammation in humans.

Steve E Calvano1, Wenzhong Xiao, Daniel R Richards

  • 1Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.

Nature
|September 2, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a network knowledge-base approach to analyze gene expression data from inflammatory responses. It reveals transient changes in leukocyte bioenergetics and translation during acute inflammation, offering insights into immune system regulation.

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A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation
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A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
06:29

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Published on: March 2, 2011

Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
07:48

Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation

Published on: May 16, 2016

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation
12:55

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Published on: December 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • High-throughput genomic studies, including DNA microarrays, aid in cancer subclassification and treatment individualization.
  • Extracting biological insights from large genomic datasets is challenging due to data complexity.
  • Understanding transcriptional responses is crucial for disease monitoring and personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a structured network knowledge-base approach for analyzing genome-wide transcriptional responses.
  • To identify perturbed functional modules in human blood leukocytes during an inflammatory stimulus.
  • To gain biological insight into the regulation of leukocyte activities during acute systemic inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a structured network knowledge-base to analyze functional interrelationships among biological entities.
  • Applied the approach to gene expression data from human subjects exposed to bacterial endotoxin.
  • Explored the genome-wide interaction network to identify significant functional modules.

Main Results:

  • The human blood leukocyte response to acute systemic inflammation involves transient dysregulation of leukocyte bioenergetics.
  • Modulation of translational machinery was observed in response to the inflammatory stimulus.
  • Identified significant functional modules perturbed by bacterial endotoxin exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The network knowledge-base approach effectively analyzes complex genomic data to reveal biological insights.
  • Acute systemic inflammation transiently impacts leukocyte energy metabolism and protein synthesis.
  • Findings contribute to understanding innate immune tolerance and infection susceptibility.