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Related Concept Videos

What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

[Vitamin D, K and bone mineral density].

Toshio Okano1

  • 1Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University.

Clinical Calcium
|September 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D and K are vital for bone health. Elderly Japanese women showed low levels of both, with low vitamin D linked to lower bone density and low vitamin K to fractures, but no direct link between vitamin K status and bone density was found.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional science
  • Bone metabolism
  • Geriatric health

Context:

  • Vitamin D and K are crucial for maintaining bone health.
  • Deficiencies in these vitamins are linked to various bone disorders.
  • Previous research suggests a high prevalence of low vitamin D and K status in elderly Japanese women.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the prevalence of low vitamin D and K status in elderly Japanese women.
  • To examine the relationship between vitamin status, bone mineral density, and fracture frequency.

Summary:

  • A study in elderly Japanese women found a high prevalence of low vitamin D and low vitamin K status.
  • Low vitamin D status was associated with low bone mineral density.
  • Low vitamin K status was associated with a high frequency of bone fractures.

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Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

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Preparation Of Gushukang (GSK) Granules for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments
06:16

Preparation Of Gushukang (GSK) Granules for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

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Published on: January 29, 2018

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
06:47

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Preparation Of Gushukang (GSK) Granules for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments
06:16

Preparation Of Gushukang (GSK) Granules for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments

Published on: May 9, 2019

  • No correlation was observed between low vitamin K status and low bone mineral density.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the prevalence of vitamin deficiencies in elderly women.
    • Suggests potential nutritional interventions for bone health in this demographic.
    • Indicates a complex relationship between vitamin K, bone density, and fracture risk.