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Related Experiment Videos

Digit preference in Goldmann applanation tonometry: the hedgehog effect.

A J Buller1, K Chatzinikolas, N Giannopoulos

  • 1Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom. alexbuller@mac.com

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|September 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Digit preference bias affects Goldmann applanation tonometer intraocular pressure measurements. This subconscious bias persists even when clinicians are aware, potentially impacting clinical decisions and trial outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical Measurement Science

Background:

  • Digit preference, a subconscious bias, influences numerical data collection.
  • Understanding this bias is crucial in medical measurements, particularly in ophthalmology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate digit preference in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements.
  • To assess the influence of digit preference using the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study design with masked and unmasked phases.
  • Data collected from 6 ophthalmologists in general ophthalmic clinics over 2 months.
  • Analysis focused on the proportion of even numbers in IOP readings.

Main Results:

  • In the masked phase, 555 of 917 IOP readings (59.9%) were even (P = .075).

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  • In the unmasked phase, 679 of 1056 IOP readings (64.3%) were even (P = .022).
  • A statistically significant digit preference for even numbers was observed in the unmasked phase.

    • Conclusions:

    • Digit preference significantly influences IOP measurements obtained with the Goldmann applanation tonometer.
    • This bias remains evident even when observers are aware of digit preference.
    • The findings suggest potential implications for clinical decision-making and the validity of trial results.