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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
Published on: January 31, 2025
Low-dose sequential combined spinal-epidural: an anaesthetic technique for caesarean section in patients with
E L Hamlyn1, C A Douglass, F Plaat
1Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, London, UK.
Abstract:
In the United Kingdom, cardiac disease is the second most common cause of all maternal deaths. The best anaesthetic technique for caesarean section in these patients has yet to be established. We describe a low-dose combined spinal-epidural technique in four high-risk obstetric patients who presented to this unit. Invasive monitoring was used in each case, and drugs with significant cardiovascular effects were avoided or used with extreme caution. Multidisciplinary team involvement, including serial echocardiography in the antenatal period, is strongly recommended.
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