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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
16:24

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

RNA structure: reading the ribosome.

Harry F Noller1

  • 1Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Crystal structures reveal RNA folding principles and molecular interactions. The A-minor interaction in ribosomal RNA is key to function, including aminoacyl-transfer RNA selection and peptidyl transferase.

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosome crystal structures provide unprecedented insights into RNA architecture.
  • Understanding RNA folding and molecular interactions is crucial for elucidating ribosome function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the wealth of information on RNA structure revealed by ribosome crystal structures.
  • To investigate the role of specific RNA tertiary interactions, particularly the A-minor interaction, in ribosome function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of high-resolution crystal structures of the ribosome and its subunits.
  • Identification and characterization of RNA tertiary structural motifs within ribosomal RNA.

Main Results:

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
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Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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  • Ribosome structures have dramatically expanded knowledge of RNA structure, increasing information by two orders of magnitude.
  • Nearly all known types of RNA tertiary interactions are present in ribosomal RNA.
  • The A-minor interaction, an abundant motif, is implicated in aminoacyl-transfer RNA selection and peptidyl transferase activity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ribosome structures are key to understanding RNA folding principles and molecular mechanisms.
    • The A-minor interaction plays a significant role in ribosome function and structural dynamics.