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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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D-amino acid in elderly tissues.

Noriko Fujii1

  • 1Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan. nfujii@HL.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|September 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary

D-amino acids, like D-aspartic acid (D-Asp), are found in human tissues due to protein aging. This study explores D-Asp formation and suggests a chiral reaction field in proteins induces this L-Asp to D-Asp inversion.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Living organisms primarily use L-amino acids and D-sugars.
  • D-amino acids have been largely unstudied in biological systems.
  • D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) is increasingly detected in human tissues from elderly individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presence of D-Asp in various human tissues.
  • To describe the mechanism of D-Asp formation in proteins.
  • To propose a novel hypothesis for D-Asp generation in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies reporting D-Asp detection in human tissues.
  • Analysis of D/L ratios in specific amino acid residues within proteins.
  • Examination of protein structure and stereochemistry.

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Main Results:

  • D-Asp detected in proteins from human eye lens, brain, skin, bone, teeth, and aorta.
  • Specific aspartic acid residues (Asp-151, Asp-58) in alpha A-crystallin show high D/L ratios (>1.0).
  • High D/L ratios indicate stereochemical inversion, not just racemization, of amino acids in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of D-Asp in aging human tissues is linked to stereochemical inversion of L-aspartic acid.
  • This inversion suggests a novel biological process occurring during natural aging.
  • A chiral reaction field within protein's higher-order structure may induce L-Asp to D-Asp conversion.