[Tuberculosis of the sternum]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Skeletal Tuberculosis
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Tuberculosis osteomyelitis is uncommon, with sternal involvement being exceedingly rare (less than 1% of cases).
• Pediatric sternal tuberculosis is infrequently documented in medical literature.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing rare bone infections.

Observation:

• A 10-year-old boy presented with a six-month history of sternal pain and swelling.
• Computed tomography revealed a ring-enhancing soft tissue mass around the sternum with cortical thickening.
• Clinical presentation mimicked other sternal pathologies, necessitating advanced imaging.

Findings:

• The imaging findings were consistent with sternal tuberculosis, a rare presentation in pediatric patients.
• Biopsy and microbiological analysis confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the sternum.
• The patient exhibited a significant response to combined therapeutic approach.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric sternal masses.
• Early detection and appropriate management, including surgical and medical interventions, are vital for favorable outcomes.
• Further research into pediatric sternal tuberculosis could improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.