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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping
10:42

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Nuclear reprogramming by human embryonic stem cells.

M Azim Surani1

  • 1Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK gordon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK

Cell
|September 7, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryonic stem cells possess unique self-renewal and pluripotent properties. A new study demonstrates their ability to reprogram differentiated somatic cell nuclei, inducing pluripotency.

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Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing
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Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing

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Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis
12:32

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping
10:42

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing
09:03

Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Seamless Genome Editing

Published on: May 10, 2020

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis
12:32

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exhibit indefinite self-renewal and pluripotency.
  • Pluripotency allows differentiation into all cell types, including germ cells.

Discussion:

  • Cowan et al. (2005) investigated the reprogramming capacity of human ESCs.
  • The study focused on the potential of ESCs to alter differentiated somatic cell nuclei.

Key Insights:

  • Human ESCs can reprogram the nuclei of fully differentiated human somatic cells.
  • This reprogramming appears to confer a pluripotent state upon the somatic cell nuclei.

Outlook:

  • This finding has significant implications for regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies.
  • Further research may explore the mechanisms and applications of ESC-mediated nuclear reprogramming.