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A meta-analysis on the correlation between the implicit association test and explicit self-report measures.

Wilhelm Hofmann1, Bertram Gawronski, Tobias Gschwendner

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Landau, Germany. hofmannw@uni-landau.de

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|September 7, 2005
PubMed
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Implicit and explicit measures show modest correlations, often below .24. This meta-analysis reveals that spontaneity and conceptual alignment enhance the relationship between Implicit Association Test (IAT) and self-report measures.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Low correlations between implicit and explicit measures may stem from motivational biases, limited introspective access, memory retrieval issues, methodological differences, or construct independence.
  • Understanding the relationship between implicit and explicit measures is crucial for psychological research and assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analytically investigate the correlation between the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit self-report measures.
  • To identify factors that moderate the relationship between implicit and explicit measures.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 126 studies was conducted.
  • The correlation between the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit self-report measures was calculated.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Moderator analyses were performed to examine sources of variability.

    • Main Results:

    • The mean correlation between the IAT and explicit self-report measures was .24.
    • Approximately half of the variability in correlations was explained by moderator variables.
    • Correlations increased with greater spontaneity of self-reports and conceptual correspondence between measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Implicit and explicit measures are generally related, but their association can be influenced by various factors.
    • Higher-order inferences and lack of conceptual correspondence can attenuate the influence of automatic associations on explicit self-reports.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering measurement properties and conceptual alignment when interpreting the relationship between implicit and explicit measures.