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Updated: Aug 16, 2026
In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder
Published on: June 6, 2025
Change of enamel after Er:YAG and CO2 laser irradiation and fluoride treatment
Yong Hoon Kwon1, Jin-Soo Lee, Youn-Hee Choi
1Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea.
Objective:
Our aim was to compare acquired acid resistance in dental enamel after Er:YAG and CO(2) laser irradiation in vitro with additional fluoride treatment.
Background Data:
The application of lasers in dental hard tissue can impact dental constituents and fluoride with complex interactions.
Methods:
Bovine enamels were divided into four groups according to their surface condition: unlased, Er:YAG laser-ablated, fluoridetreated after Er:YAG laser ablation, and CO(2) laser-irradiated after Er:YAG laser and fluoride treatment. Calcium distribution in enamel after pH-cycling process and crystallographical change after laser treatment were evaluated.
Results:
The crystallinity of enamel was much improved after Er:YAG laser ablation. The CO(2) laser irradiation in the fluoride-treated laser enamel formed alpha-TCP and fluorapatite. The change of calcium distribution in enamel was least in the CO(2) laser-irradiated specimens; the fluoride-treated specimen after Er:YAG laser ablation was next. Additional fluoride treatment both after Er:YAG and before CO(2) laser irradiation improved the acid resistance of enamel.
Conclusion:
Both external treatment of fluoride and irradiation of CO(2) laser after Er:YAG laser ablation greatly reduced calcium loss in enamel during the pH cycling process.