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Hypertensive encephalopathy in cats with reduced renal function.

C A Brown1, J S Munday, S Mathur

  • 1Athens Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. cabrown@vet.uga.edu

Veterinary Pathology
|September 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Two cats with reduced renal mass developed hypertensive encephalopathy, showing severe brain edema and neurological signs due to high blood pressure. This condition is characterized by systemic hypertension and cerebral arteriolosclerosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Nephrology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Hypertensive encephalopathy is a severe neurological condition associated with elevated blood pressure.
  • Reduced renal mass can lead to systemic hypertension.
  • Understanding the clinical and pathological features is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical, hemodynamic, and pathological findings of hypertensive encephalopathy in two cats with surgically reduced renal mass.
  • To correlate the pathological changes with the observed neurological signs.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing clinical observations, blood pressure measurements, and post-mortem pathological examinations.
  • Histopathological analysis of brain tissue to identify edema and vascular lesions.

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Main Results:

  • Cats presented with progressive neurological signs including lethargy, ataxia, blindness, stupor, and seizures.
  • Severe gross brain edema, cerebellar coning, and cerebral gyral flattening were observed.
  • Histology revealed interstitial edema in the cerebral white matter and hypertensive vascular lesions (arteriolosclerosis).
  • Foci of microhemorrhages and necrosis were present.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic hypertension, particularly when severe or rapidly developing, can cause hypertensive encephalopathy in cats.
  • The pathological findings of diffuse brain edema and cerebral arteriolosclerosis support this diagnosis.
  • Reduced renal mass is a significant risk factor for developing severe hypertension and subsequent encephalopathy.