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Related Concept Videos

Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis01:20

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Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
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The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
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Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to move forward. The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction. However, adding heat to the reaction will increase the rate, since it causes molecules to move faster and increase the likelihood that molecules will collide. The collision and breaking of bonds represents the uphill phase of a reaction and generates the transition state. The transition state is an unstable high-energy state...
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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
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Energy requirements in the elderly.

V R Young1

  • 1Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.

Nutrition Reviews
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Energy needs change with aging. Direct measurement of daily energy expenditure is needed to validate current recommendations and better understand human energy requirements.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Human Metabolism
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Aging is associated with potential shifts in daily energy expenditure components.
  • Current energy requirement recommendations may need validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for direct estimation of daily energy expenditure.
  • To emphasize the necessity of examining metabolic and nutritional roles of food fuels.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current estimates of energy requirements.
  • Analysis of metabolic and nutritional significance of food fuels.

Main Results:

  • Direct estimates of daily energy expenditure are desirable.
  • Further examination of food fuel sources is necessary.

Conclusions:

  • Current energy expenditure recommendations require confirmation through direct measurement.
  • A deeper understanding of human energy needs necessitates further metabolic and nutritional research.