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Related Experiment Videos

Cerebral damage in epilepsy: a population-based longitudinal quantitative MRI study.

Rebecca S N Liu1, Louis Lemieux, Gail S Bell

  • 1The Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England.

Epilepsia
|September 9, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Epileptic seizures do not inevitably cause brain damage. Brain volume reduction in epilepsy is mainly due to prior injury and aging, though some patients showed atrophy.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • The relationship between epileptic seizures and cerebral damage is debated.
  • Longitudinal studies using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are needed to assess seizure effects on brain structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of seizures on the hippocampus, cerebellum, and neocortex using a longitudinal MRI study.
  • To determine if epilepsy is associated with accelerated brain atrophy.

Main Methods:

  • 179 epilepsy patients and 90 controls underwent two MRI scans 3.5 years apart.
  • Automated and manual techniques measured global and regional brain volumes and hippocampal T2 relaxation times.
  • Patients were categorized by epilepsy type: temporal lobe, extratemporal partial, and generalized.

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Main Results:

  • Reduced baseline hippocampal volumes were observed in temporal lobe epilepsy patients, likely due to prior insults.
  • Rates of brain atrophy were similar between patients and controls and not syndrome-specific.
  • Age was the primary determinant of global and regional brain atrophy; prior neurologic insult also contributed.

Conclusions:

  • Overt structural cerebral damage is not an inevitable outcome of epileptic seizures.
  • Brain volume reduction in epilepsy generally results from initial injury and age-related atrophy.
  • Significant atrophy occurred in a minority of patients, particularly those with temporal lobe and generalized epilepsy.