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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.9K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Videos

TGF-beta and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

Samuel Huber1, Christoph Schramm

  • 1Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|September 9, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is crucial for CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) function and homeostasis. This review explores TGF-β

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are vital for immune response control and homeostasis.
  • The mechanisms underlying Treg-mediated suppression and regulation are under active investigation.
  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is implicated in Treg immunosuppressive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of TGF-β in the biology of CD4+CD25+ Treg.
  • To elucidate TGF-β's involvement in Treg generation, expansion, and function.
  • To discuss the significance of TGF-β signaling in Treg homeostasis and immunosuppression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating TGF-β and Treg interactions.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo experimental data on Treg function and TGF-β signaling.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms of Treg.

    • Main Results:

    • TGF-β acts as an effector cytokine contributing to Treg-mediated immunosuppression.
    • TGF-β signaling is essential for maintaining peripheral Treg numbers and function in vivo.
    • The precise origin and detailed mechanism of TGF-β action in Treg suppression require further definition.

    Conclusions:

    • TGF-β plays a critical role in the generation, expansion, and immunosuppressive capacity of CD4+CD25+ Treg.
    • Understanding TGF-β's regulation of Treg is key to comprehending immune homeostasis.
    • Further research is needed to fully define TGF-β's origin and mechanism in Treg function.