The role of the family in genetic testing: theoretical perspectives, current knowledge, and future directions

This article addresses conceptual challenges and theoretical approaches for examining the role of the family in responding and adapting to genetic testing for inherited conditions. Using a family systems perspective, family-based constructs that are relevant to genetic testing may be organized into three domains: family communication, organization and structure of family relationships, and health-related cognitions and beliefs shared within families. Empirical findings are presented from key content areas in family-based genetics research, including family communication, how genetic testing affects family relationships, psychological responses to genetic testing in the family context, and family-based influences on health decisions. Future research should explore decision making about genetic testing or behavior change specifically within the context of the family system and should identify family-based determinants of genetic testing outcomes.